Cardiovascular Disease Tutorial
Sa pangunahing (esensyal) na altapresyon, ito ay dahil sa impluwensya ng namamana, hilig sa mataas na presyon ng dugo sa konteksto ng hindi malusog na pamumuhay, masamang gawi, hindi malusog na pagkain, na nagdudulot ng labis na timbang. Dagdag pa ang stress, kalikasan, kakulangan sa tulog at aktibidad. Lahat ito ay negatibong nakakaapekto sa trabaho ng puso at sa tono ng mga daluyan ng dugo. Ang presyon ay unang tumataas nang hindi napapansin at pagkatapos ay mas nagiging malinaw.
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A Tutorial: Cardiovascular Diseases: A Tutorial Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death in the world and include a variety of diseases that affect the heart and the vascular system. This Tutorial gives an Overview of the most important aspects of CVD, including Definition, classification, risk factors, diagnosis and basic treatment strategies. Definition and classification Heart disease refers to a group of disorders that affect the heart, the arteries, veins and capillaries. Among the most important forms: Coronary heart disease (CHD): narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Heart failure: inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's need. Arrhythmias: heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation. High blood pressure (hypertension): Permanently elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg). Stroke (apoplexy): Interrupted blood flow to the brain, often due to thrombi or emboli. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod): narrowing of the arteries outside the heart, usually in the legs. Risk factors The risk factors for CVD in modifiable and non-modifiable sub-parts: Non-modifiable factors: Age (the risk increases with age) Gender (men are up to 50. The age of affected more) Genetic Predisposition Modifiable Factors: Hypertension High LDL cholesterol and low HDL‑cholesterol Tobacco use Overweight and obesity Lack of exercise Diabetes mellitus type 2 Stress and psycho-social stress Unhealthy diet (high, high-salt-, sugar -, and fat content) Diagnostics The diagnosis of CVD is a combination of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental investigations: History and physical examination: evaluation of symptoms (e.g. chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness), blood pressure measurement, heart and lung abhorchung. Laboratory diagnosis: lipid spectrum of blood sugar, kidney values, and cardiac enzymes (e.g., Troponin). Electrocardiogram (ECG): recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart): assessment of cardiac structure and function. Load tests (e.g., treadmill test): assessment of cardiac performance under stress. Coronary angiography: Invasive method for visualization of the coronary vessels. Long‑term ECG and ambulatory blood pressure Monitoring over 24 hours or longer. Treatment and prevention The treatment of CVD depends on the particular disease and the individual risk profile. Basically, pharmacological, interventional and surgical procedures, as well as lifestyle-related measures are used: Drugs: Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers) Lipid-Lowering Drugs (Statins) Anticoagulants (for example, acetylsalicylic acid) Diuretics in heart failure Interventional Procedures: Percutaneous coronary Intervention (PCI) with stent implantation Cardioversion in the case of arrhythmias Surgical Operations: Aortocoronary Bypass surgery (CABG) Lifestyle changes: Smoking abstinence A balanced diet with lots of fiber, vegetables and fish Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week of moderate load) Weight reduction in Overweight Stress management and adequate sleep Conclusion Cardiovascular diseases represent a serious health challenge, their prevalence may increase as a result of social and demographic developments. Early risk assessment, preventive measures and adequate therapy are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. A holistic approach that integrates both medical and behavioral strategies, offers the best Chance to maintain the health of the cardiovascular system in the long term.
Sa pangunahing (esensyal) na altapresyon, ito ay dahil sa impluwensya ng namamana, hilig sa mataas na presyon ng dugo sa konteksto ng hindi malusog na pamumuhay, masamang gawi, hindi malusog na pagkain, na nagdudulot ng labis na timbang. Dagdag pa ang stress, kalikasan, kakulangan sa tulog at aktibidad. Lahat ito ay negatibong nakakaapekto sa trabaho ng puso at sa tono ng mga daluyan ng dugo. Ang presyon ay unang tumataas nang hindi napapansin at pagkatapos ay mas nagiging malinaw. Cardiovascular Disease Tutorial. Kasabay nito, hindi inirerekomenda ang pangmatagalang pag-inom ng mga gamot mula sa kategoryang Diuretics, dahil ang mahahalagang sangkap tulad ng Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium ay mabilis na nailalabas sa katawan kasama ng sobrang tubig at asin. Alinsunod sa katangiang ito, sinasabayan ng mga Diuretics ang pag-inom ng mga gamot na may laman ng mga sangkap na ito. Maaaring ito ay mga vitamin at mineral na complexes, monokomponent, o mga suplemento sa pagkain na may napatunayang klinikal na bisa.
Diseases of the blood and of the cardiovascular System
Complex issues of cardiovascular diseases
Factors in the promotion of cardiovascular diseases
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Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas. Ektrak mula sa prutas ng cranberry Ektrak mula sa prutas ng appleberry Magnesium L-Arginin Ektrak mula sa dahon at bulaklak ng hawthorn Pulbos ng bulaklak ng hibiscus Ektrak mula sa dahon ng oliba Ektrak mula sa buto ng ubas Ektrak mula sa black currant Coenzyme Q10 Bitamina B6 Folate